Ius Constituendum Pengaturan Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja Gig Economy di Indonesia: Perbandingan Indonesia dan Malaysia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51278/bce.v6i3.2882Keywords:
Gig Economy, Platform Workers, Legal Protection, Partnership, Indonesia–Malaysia ComparisonAbstract
The rapid expansion of the digital economy has transformed employment patterns and accelerated the growth of platform-based work. In Indonesia, however, the legal relationship between digital platforms and gig workers, particularly online transportation drivers, remains predominantly framed as a partnership. This construction has generated uncertainty regarding workers’ legal status and the scope of their protection. This study examines the urgency of establishing a more responsive legal framework for gig workers in Indonesia by comparing the Indonesian regulatory approach with that of Malaysia. The research employs a normative legal method supported by statutory analysis, literature and document studies, and interviews with online drivers, relevant institutions, and academics. The findings reveal that the existing Indonesian framework remains fragmented and largely focused on transportation governance rather than the protection of platform workers. The partnership model also reflects unequal bargaining power, unilateral contractual arrangements, algorithmic control, limited access to operational data, and insufficient guarantees concerning income, social security, and dispute resolution. In contrast, Malaysia has introduced a more integrated approach through the Gig Workers Act 2025 (Act 872), which recognizes gig workers as a distinct legal category and provides specific minimum protections without automatically classifying them as employees under conventional labour law. The study concludes that Indonesia requires a dedicated regulatory framework for platform workers that accommodates the flexibility of the gig economy while ensuring legal certainty and fair protection. Such regulation should address legal status, minimum income protection, social security, algorithmic transparency, safeguards against unilateral deactivation, human review mechanisms, and accessible dispute resolution.
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