Pragmatics Analysis on Students’ Conversation at Grade Eleven of State of Vocational High School 1 Pematangsiantar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51278/anglophile.v3i2.614Keywords:
Pragmatic Analysis, Maxim on Conversation, Expressing OpinionsAbstract
This research was intended to find out the kinds of maxim on students’ conversation at grade eleven of State of Vocational High School (SMK Negeri) 1 Pematangsiantar. This research used descriptive qualitative which the data were obtained through students' conversations about expressing opinions. The subject of this research was the students of SMK Negeri 1 Pematangsiantar at grade eleven in the academic year 2023/2024. The instrument of this research was mobile phone, because the classroom interaction flows quickly, mobile phone was needed to help capturing students’ conversation. The data were collected by using the voice recordings and the transcripts. The data were analyzed based on students' conversations, then classified based on the maxims used in the conversation into each type of maxim, the maxims are then calculated to find the dominant maxim. The result of this research showed that the students used maxim of quantity (18,8%), maxim of quality (21,9%), maxim of relation (6,3%) and maxim of manner (18,8%). It showed that the students’ conversation dominant used maxim of quality in their conversation to express opinions.
Keywords: Pragmatic Analysis, Maxim on Coversation, Expressing Opinions
References
Altmann, G., & Steedman, M. (1988). Interaction with context during human sentence processing. Cognition, 30(3), 91–238.https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(88)90020-0
Amaliyasari, M. R., & Widiyanah, I. (2019). Flouting maxim and hedging maxim in multicultural students interaction. Journey: Journal of English Language and Pedagogy, 2(2), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.33503/JOURNEY.V2I2.530
Burkhardt-Reed, M. M., Long, H. L., Bowman, D. D., Bene, E. R., & Oller, D. K. (2021). The origin of language and relative roles of voice and gesture in early communication development. Infant Behavior and Development, 65, 101648.https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INFBEH.2021.101648
Chan, C. S. C. (2021). University graduates’ transition into the workplace: How they learn to use English for work and cope with language-related challenges. System, 100, 102530. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SYSTEM.2021.102530
Deumert, A. (2015). Pragmatics : Language use in context 1. The Routledge Handbook of Linguistics, 10996, 205–220. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315718453-13
Dwi, A. (2015). An analysis of flouting maxim in efl classroom interaction. Journal Vision, 4. Ephratt, M. (2012). “We try harder” – Silence and Grice’s cooperative principle, maxims and implicatures. Language & Communication, 32(1), 62–79.https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LANGCOM.2011.09.001
Frazier, L., & Rayner, K. (1982). Making and correcting errors during sentence comprehension: Eye movements in the analysis of structurally ambiguous sentences. Cognitive Psychology, 14(2), 178–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(82)90008-1
Gafaranga, J. (2021). Other-language recalibration in bilingual broadcast news interviews in Rwanda: The directionality of a language choice practice. Journal of Pragmatics, 184, 74–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PRAGMA.2021.07.021
Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and Conversation. Speech Acts, 41–58. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004368811_003
Grice, H. P. (1978). Further Notes on Logic and Conversation. Pragmatics, 113–127.https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004368873_006
Gultom, R. (2022). An Analysis of Cooperative Principle Maxim in the Written and Spoken Mode of Communication between Teacher and Students during Online Learning. Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research, 3(1), 19–43. https://doi.org/10.30659/JAMR.3.1.19-43
Güvendir, E., & Uzun, K. (2023). L2 writing anxiety, working memory, and task complexity in L2 written performance. Journal of Second Language Writing, 60, 101016. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSLW.2023.101016
Hald, L. A., Steenbeek-Planting, E. G., & Hagoort, P. (2007). The interaction of discourse context and world knowledge in online sentence comprehension. Evidence from the N400. Brain Research,1146(1), 10–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BRAINRES.2007.02.054
Hamani, T., & Puluhulawa, Y. (2019). Pragmatics analysis of maxim flouting done by the main characters in kungfu panda movie by jonathan aibeL & GLENN BERGER. BRITISH, Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra Inggris, 08(1), 16–28.
Heiss, R., Nanz, A., & Matthes, J. (2023). Social media information literacy: Conceptualization and associations with information overload, news avoidance and conspiracy mentality. Computers in Human Behavior, 148, 107908. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2023.107908
Herman, Shara, A. M., Silalahi, T. F., Sherly, & Julyanthry. (2022). Teachers’ Attitude towards Minimum Competency Assessment at Sultan Agung Senior High School in Pematang Siantar, Indonesia. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 11(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5430/JCT.V11N2P1
Kecskes, I., Obdalova, O., Minakova, L., & Soboleva, A. (2018). A study of the perception of situation-bound utterances as culture-specific pragmatic units by Russian learners of English. System, 76, 219–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SYSTEM.2018.06.002
Kravtchenko, E., & Demberg, V. (2022). Informationally redundant utterances elicit pragmatic inferences. Cognition, 225, 105159.https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COGNITION.2022.105159
Manurung, L. W. (2019). Flouting Maxims in Hitam Putih Talk Show. SUAR BETANG, 14(2), 151–166. https://doi.org/10.26499/SURBET.V14I2.126
Mao, Z., & Yang, S. (2019). International Perspectives on Teaching the Four Skills in ELT: Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing, Anne Burns, Joseph Siegel (Eds.), Palgrave Macmillan (2018), xiv +260. System, 81, 214–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SYSTEM.2019.01.013
Murshidi, G. Al, Daoud, S., Derei, R. Al, Alhamidi, H., Jabir, W., & Sayed, N. (2023). Parental involvement in English as foreign language learners’ education: Challenges and solutions in a post-pandemic era. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 5, 100297. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJEDRO.2023.100297
Parsing Modifiers: Special Purpose Routines In The Human Sentence Processing Mechanism? (2012). Comprehension Processes in Reading, 303–330. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203052389-16
Rafika, R., Yuliasri, I., Warsono, W., Negeri Semarang, U., & Pascasarjana Unnes jl Kelud Utara, K. (2020). Flouting of Griceâ€TMs Maxims in the Humorous Utterances in American Situation Comedy 2 Broke Girls. English Education Journal, 10(4), 474–479. https://doi.org/10.15294/EEJ.V10I4.39465
Reflective Language Teaching: From Research to Practice - Thomas S. C. Farrell - Google Books. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24,2023,from https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=IocQCAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&d q=Reflective+Teaching+in+Second+Language+Classrooms&ots=QgKkVObQ3l&sig=W
_c-yxvorWWTNChz1UjGOwOdLUA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms&f=fals
Richards, J. C., & Lockhart, C. (1994). Reflective teaching in second language classrooms.218.
Rizqy, H. A., & Ardi, H. (2020). A Pragmatic Analysis of Politeness Strategies of Directive Expression Reflected in ‘Inglorious Basterds’ Movie. English Language and Literature, 9(4), 394–402. https://doi.org/10.24036/ELL.V9I4.110342
Shan, Y. (2023). Form (Prosody)-Meaning (Pragmatics) pairings of discourse markers: A case study of N? zh?dào (‘You Know’) as a construction in Chinese media interviews. Language & Communication, 93,136–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LANGCOM.2023.09.004
Siahaan, D., Raharjana, I. K., & Fatichah, C. (2023). User story extraction from natural language for requirements elicitation: Identify software-related information from online news. Information and Software Technology, 158, 107195. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INFSOF.2023.107195
Snedeker, J., & Trueswell, J. (2003). Using prosody to avoid ambiguity: Effects of speaker awareness and referential context. Journal of Memory and Language, 48(1), 103–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00519-3
The Semantics-Pragmatics Boundary in Philosophy - Google Books. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24,2023, from https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=84RpGGJBxlcC&oi=fnd&pg=PA47&dq=Logic+and+conversation&ots=pGf8qLHprN&sig=fH- PRIT7uUGwDaA1vRcv1mqR8UE&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Logic and conversation&f=false
Triana, M., Herman, H., & Sinurat, B. (2021). An Analysis of Students Perception on the Use of Google Classroom in English Language Learning. Cetta: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(3), 607–618. https://doi.org/10.37329/CETTA.V4I3.1474
Unuabonah, F. O., & Kupolati, O. O. (2023). Generic structure and pragmatic acts in Yoruba traditional weddings in Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Pragmatics, 211, 15–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PRAGMA.2023.04.003
van Dijk, T. A. (2011). Discourse Studies : A Multidisciplinary Introduction. 1–432.
Waloyo, E., Lestari, S., Mutiaraningrum, I., Syekh Nurjati Cirebon Jl Perjuangan, I., Barat, J., Setiabudi, J., Timur, J., Negeri Sambas Jl Sejangkung Desa, P., & Barat, K. (2023). Exploring Studies on Cooperative Principle in English Language Teaching: A Literature Review. Metathesis: Journal of English Language, Literature, and Teaching, 7(1), 17–30. https://doi.org/10.31002/METATHESIS.V7I1.157
Xiang, Z., & Demir, I. (2022). Flood Markup Language – A standards-based exchange language for flood risk communication. Environmental Modelling & Software, 152, 105397. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVSOFT.2022.105397
Yang, Y. T. C., Chuang, Y. C., Li, L. Y., & Tseng, S. S. (2013). A blended learning environment for individualized English listening and speaking integrating critical thinking. Computers & Education, 63, 85–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPEDU.2012.12.012
Yeung, K. K. yu, Chan, R. T. chung, Chan, H. yin, Shum, K. K. man, & Tso, R. V. yip. (2023). Word reading transfer in two distinct languages in reading interventions: How Chinese-English bilingual children with reading difficulties learn to read. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 137, 104501.https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RIDD.2023.104501
Yuan, R., & Zhang, T. (2022). Applying big ideas to facilitate reading-writing integration in language classrooms. Journal of Second Language Writing, 58, 100949.
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSLW.2022.100949
Zor, B. M. (2006). Using Grice’s cooperative principle and its maxims to analyze problems of coherence in Turkish and English essays. https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/16347
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Cindya Septiany Simanjuntak, Herman Herman, Dumaris E Silalahi, Rolan Manurung, Arwin Tannuary, Desi Afrianti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
