Innovation in Islamic Education Learning Models Based on Project Based Learning to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills

Abstract

This study aims to analyze digital transformation in Islamic education and its impact on students' learning motivation through a literature study approach (library research) using qualitative methods. The digital transformation, marked by increasing internet penetration in Indonesia and the support of national policies, encourages Islamic educational institutions to integrate technology into the learning process. This study examines the characteristics of digital transformation, digital learning implementation models, their impact on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and the integration of Islamic values ​​into the digital ecosystem. The analysis is conducted through a synthesis of scientific literature, policy reports, and motivational theories, particularlySelf-Determination Theorydeveloped by Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan. The results of the study indicate that integrative and transformational digital transformation has the potential to increase intrinsic motivation by fulfilling the needs for competence, autonomy, and connectedness, and strengthen extrinsic motivation through digital evaluation and feedback systems. However, its effectiveness is highly dependent on pedagogical design, infrastructure readiness, teacher competence, and the integration of Islamic values ​​as the foundation of digital ethics. Without a humanistic and values-based approach, digitalization risks creating shallow and instrumentally oriented learning. This study provides a conceptual contribution to the development of a digital learning model in Islamic education that is adaptive, religious, and oriented towards strengthening students' learning motivation in a sustainable manner.