The Closeness of God Swt In The Qur'an: A Comparative Study Of The Interpretations Of Imam Al-Alusi And Buya Hamka

Abstract

This study examines the concept of the closeness of God (qurb) in the Qur’an through a comparative analysis of the interpretations of Imam Al-Alusi and Buya Hamka. Employing a qualitative library research approach within the framework of Qur'anic Exegesis, this study analyzes selected Qur’anic verses, namely QS. Al-Baqarah (2):186, QS. Al-A‘raf (7):56, QS. Hud (11):61, and QS. Saba’ (34):50, which explicitly address the notion of divine closeness. Data were collected through documentation and analyzed using thematic and comparative methods. The findings reveal that both scholars agree that Allah’s closeness is not physical but is manifested through His knowledge, mercy, and response to human supplication. However, their interpretations differ in emphasis and approach. Imam Al-Alusi represents a classical theological-exegetical perspective, interpreting qurb metaphorically to preserve divine transcendence and focusing on doctrinal clarity. In contrast, Buya Hamka offers a contextual and experiential interpretation, emphasizing the spiritual, ethical, and psychological dimensions of God’s closeness in everyday life, such as sincerity, repentance, and moral conduct. This study concludes that the concept of divine closeness in the Qur’an integrates both transcendence and immanence. The comparison highlights a shift from classical objective exegesis to a more contextual and practical understanding, demonstrating the relevance of Qur’anic interpretation across different historical and intellectual contexts. This research contributes to enriching contemporary discussions on the relationship between God and human beings in Islamic thought.