The Effect of Resilience on Health with Social Support as a Moderator for Health Workers in Jakarta During the Covid-19 Pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51278/bse.v4i1.1071Keywords:
: Healthcare Workers, Resilience, Social SupportAbstract
Healthcare workers are currently preoccupied with the COVID-19 pandemic, causing the risk of mental disorders. This study aims to determine the effect of resilience on health with social support as a moderator for healthcare workers in Jakarta during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants in this research were healthcare workers, either doctors or nurses who were working in hospitals or health clinics in Jakarta during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research participants are at least 20 years old, male and female, and not limited by religious background, culture, social status, and length of time as a healthcare workers. Measurement of resilience variable using the RQ Test made by Reivich and Shatte, social support variable using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) made by Zimet et al, and health variable using the SF-36 measurement scale made by RAND Corporation. Based on the results of the regression analysis, this study has the result that resilience has a significant effect on the health condition of healthcare workers, which means that the more resilient a person is, the better the individual’s health will be. Resilience moderated by social support has a significant effect on health, which means that social support is able to strengthen the relationship between resilience and the health of healthcare workers in Jakarta during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Healthcare Workers, Resilience, Social Support
References
Al Dhaheri A.S., et al. (2021) Impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life: is there any effect? a cross-sectional study of the MENA region. PLOS ONE, 16(3). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249107
Alsubaie, M. M., et al. (2019). The role of sources of social support on depression and quality of life for university students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 24(4), 484-496. doi: 10.1080/02673843.2019.1568887
Azizah, K. N. (2019). 15.6 million Indonesians experience depression, only 8 percent do treatment. Accessed on 2 September 2021 from https://health.detik.com/berita-detikhealth/d- 4596181/156-million-Indonesians-experience-depression-only-8-percent-are-treated
Azzahra, F. (2017). The influence of resilience on psychological distress in college students.Scientific Journal of Applied Psychology, 5(1), 80-96. Two: 10.22219/jipt.v5i1.3883
Baskin, R. G., & Bartlett, R. (2021). Healthcare worker resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: An integrative review. Journal of Nursing Management, 1–14. two: 10.1111/jonm.13395
Coco, M., et al. (2021). Psychosocial impact and role of resilience on healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability, 13(7096), 1-9. doi: 10.3390/su13137096
Cohen, S., et al. (2000). Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientist. New York: Oxford University Press
Dozois, D. J. A. (2020). Anxiety and depression in canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national survey. Canadian Psychological Association, 62 (1), 136-142. two: 10.1037/cap0000251
EU Expert Group on Health Systems Performance Assessment (HSPA). (2020). Assessing the resilience of health systems in Europe: an overview of the theory, current practice and strategies for improvement, Publications Office of the EU, Luxembourg. https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/systems_performance_ass essment/docs/2020_resilience_en.pdf
Fadli, F., et al. (2020). Factors that influence anxiety among health workers in efforts to prevent COVID-19.Indonesian Journal of Nursing Education, 6(1), 57–65. doi: 10.17509/jpki.v6i1/24546
Felman, A., & Legg, T. J. (ed.). What is mental health? Accessed on 2
September 2021 from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154543
Galbraith, N., et al. (2020). The mental health of doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic. BJPsych Bulletin, 45, 1-7. doi: 10.1192/bjb.2020.44
Galderisi, S., et al. (2017). A proposed new definition of mental health.Psychiatria Polska, 51(3),407-411. two: 10.12740/PP/74145
Ghosh, D. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents mental health: A literature review. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, 3(3), 281-288. doi: 10.37287/ijghr.v3i3.483
Ghozali, I. (2016) Application of Multivariate Analysis Using the IBM SPSS 23 Program. Edition 8. Semarang: Diponegoro University Publishing Agency
Greenglass, E., et al. (2003). Reactions to increased workload: effects on professional efficacy of nurses. Applied Psychology, 52(4), 580-597. doi: 10.1111/1464- 0597.00152
Haber, M. G., et al. (2007). The relationship between self- reported received and perceived social support: A metaanalytic review. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39(1-2), 133-144. two: 10.1007/s10464-007-9100-9
Hardan-Khalil, K., & Mayo, A. M. (2015). Psychometric properties of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 29(5), 258-261. doi: 10.1097/NUR.0000000000000148
Hou, T., et al. (2020). Social support and mental health among health care workers during Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak: A moderated mediation model. PLOS ONE, 15(5), e0233831. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233831. Jakarta: Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Koipysheva, E. A., et al. (2018). Physical health definition, semantic content, study prospects. Social & Behavioral Sciences. two: 10.15405/epsbs.2018.12.73
Kua, Z., et al. (2021). Physical activity levels and mental health burden of healthcare workers during COVID-19 lockdown. Stress and Health, 38(1), 171-179. Two: 10.1002/smi.3078
Laksmita, O. D., et al. (2020). Multidimensional scale of perceived social support in Indonesian adolescent disaster survivor: a psychometric evaluation. PLOS ONE, 15(3). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229958
Lazarus, L. (2004). Contrasting prisoner’s rights: A comparative examination of Germany and England. New York: Oxford University Press
Majeed, A., et al. (2020). Protecting the health of doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic. British Journal of General Practice, 70(695), 268-269. doi: 10.3399/bjgp20X709925
Mantalean, V., & Gatra, S. (ed.). (2020). Update 7 November: added 1,118 cases of COVID-19 in Jakarta, 986 the patient recovered. Accessed on September 2, 2021 fromhttps://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2020/11/07/18223191/update-7november- add-1118-cases-of-COVID-19-in-jakarta-986-patientscured?page=all
Mirad, M. F. (2019). The influence of resilience on burnout in hospital nurses in Jakarta. Jakarta: Jakarta State University
Nugroho, W. B. (2012). Youth, suicide and resilience: strengthening resilience as a means of reducing suicide rates among Indonesian youth.Journal of Youth Studies, 1(1),34
Oktaviani, D. (2012). Resilience in Acehnese teenagers who experienced the tsunami disaster. Depok: University of Indonesia
Ozbay, F., et al. (2007). Social support and resilience to stress: From neurobiology to clinical practice. Psychiatry, 4(5), 35-40
Peltzer, K., & Pengpid, S. (2018). High prevalence of depressive symptoms in a national sample of adults in indonesia: childhood adversity, sociodemographic factors and health risk behavior. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 52-59. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.03.017
Rachmawati, B. D., et al. (2019). Psychological resilience and its influence on health-related quality of life in adolescents in orphanages.Analytics June, 11(1). Doi: 10.31289/analitika.v11i1.2314
Schwarzer, R., & Leppin, A. (1991). Social Support and Health: A Theoretical and Empirical Overview. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8(1), 99–127. doi:10.1177/0265407591081005
Setiawati, Y., et al. (2021). Anxiety and resilience of healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 14, 1–8. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S276655
Shaukat, N., et al. (2020). Physical and mental health impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: a scoping review. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 13(40). Doi: 10.1186/s12245-02000299-5
Sippel, L. M., et al. (2015). How does social support enhance resilience in the traumaexposed individual? Ecology and Society, 20(4), 1-10
Sun, N., et al. (2020). A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. American journal of infection control, 48(6), 592–598. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.018
Tan, B. Y. Q., et al. (2020). Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore. Annals of Internal Medicine, 173(4), 317-320. two: 10.7326/M20-1083
Trani, M. D., et al. (2021). From resilience to burnout in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 emergency: The role of the ability to tolerate uncertainty. Frontier in Psychology, 12. two: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646435
Triyono, S. D. K., & Herdiyanto, Y. K. (2017). The concept of health and illness in individuals with urolithiasis (urine stones) in Klungkung district, Bali.Udayana Psychology Journal, 4(2),263-276.
Van Roekel, H., et al. (2021). Healthcare workers who work with COVID-19 patients are more physically exhausted and have more sleep problems. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.625626
Windle, G. (2011). What is resilience? A review and concept analysis. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 1-18. doi: 10.1017/S0959259810000420
World Health Organization. (2017). Depression and other common mental disorder. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization
World Health Organization. (2018). Mental health: strengthening our response. Diakses pada 2 September 2021 dari https://www.who.int/newsroom/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health- strengthening-our-response
Zanke, A. A., et al. (2020). COVID-19: a pandemic declare by world health organization. International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacolog, 5(2), 49-57. doi: 10.18231/j.ijcaap.2020.012
Zautra, A.J., et al. (2010). Resilience: A new definition of health for people and communities. In J.R. Reich, A.J. Zautra, & J.S. Hall (Eds). Handbook of Adult Resilience (pp. 3-30). New York: Guilford
Zhang, M., et al. (2018). Prevalence of psychological distress and the effects of resilience and perceived social support among Chinese college students: Does gender make a difference?. Psychiatry Research, 267, p. 409-413. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.038
Alsubaie, M. M., et al. (2019). The role of sources of social support on depression and quality of life for university students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 24(4), 484-496. doi: 10.1080/02673843.2019.1568887
Azizah, K. N. (2019). 15.6 million Indonesians experience depression, only 8 percent do treatment. Accessed on 2 September 2021 from https://health.detik.com/berita-detikhealth/d- 4596181/156-million-Indonesians-experience-depression-only-8-percent-are-treated
Azzahra, F. (2017). The influence of resilience on psychological distress in college students.Scientific Journal of Applied Psychology, 5(1), 80-96. Two: 10.22219/jipt.v5i1.3883
Baskin, R. G., & Bartlett, R. (2021). Healthcare worker resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: An integrative review. Journal of Nursing Management, 1–14. two: 10.1111/jonm.13395
Coco, M., et al. (2021). Psychosocial impact and role of resilience on healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability, 13(7096), 1-9. doi: 10.3390/su13137096
Cohen, S., et al. (2000). Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientist. New York: Oxford University Press
Dozois, D. J. A. (2020). Anxiety and depression in canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national survey. Canadian Psychological Association, 62 (1), 136-142. two: 10.1037/cap0000251
EU Expert Group on Health Systems Performance Assessment (HSPA). (2020). Assessing the resilience of health systems in Europe: an overview of the theory, current practice and strategies for improvement, Publications Office of the EU, Luxembourg. https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/systems_performance_ass essment/docs/2020_resilience_en.pdf
Fadli, F., et al. (2020). Factors that influence anxiety among health workers in efforts to prevent COVID-19.Indonesian Journal of Nursing Education, 6(1), 57–65. doi: 10.17509/jpki.v6i1/24546
Felman, A., & Legg, T. J. (ed.). What is mental health? Accessed on 2
September 2021 from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154543
Galbraith, N., et al. (2020). The mental health of doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic. BJPsych Bulletin, 45, 1-7. doi: 10.1192/bjb.2020.44
Galderisi, S., et al. (2017). A proposed new definition of mental health.Psychiatria Polska, 51(3),407-411. two: 10.12740/PP/74145
Ghosh, D. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents mental health: A literature review. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, 3(3), 281-288. doi: 10.37287/ijghr.v3i3.483
Ghozali, I. (2016) Application of Multivariate Analysis Using the IBM SPSS 23 Program. Edition 8. Semarang: Diponegoro University Publishing Agency
Greenglass, E., et al. (2003). Reactions to increased workload: effects on professional efficacy of nurses. Applied Psychology, 52(4), 580-597. doi: 10.1111/1464- 0597.00152
Haber, M. G., et al. (2007). The relationship between self- reported received and perceived social support: A metaanalytic review. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39(1-2), 133-144. two: 10.1007/s10464-007-9100-9
Hardan-Khalil, K., & Mayo, A. M. (2015). Psychometric properties of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 29(5), 258-261. doi: 10.1097/NUR.0000000000000148
Hou, T., et al. (2020). Social support and mental health among health care workers during Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak: A moderated mediation model. PLOS ONE, 15(5), e0233831. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233831. Jakarta: Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Koipysheva, E. A., et al. (2018). Physical health definition, semantic content, study prospects. Social & Behavioral Sciences. two: 10.15405/epsbs.2018.12.73
Kua, Z., et al. (2021). Physical activity levels and mental health burden of healthcare workers during COVID-19 lockdown. Stress and Health, 38(1), 171-179. Two: 10.1002/smi.3078
Laksmita, O. D., et al. (2020). Multidimensional scale of perceived social support in Indonesian adolescent disaster survivor: a psychometric evaluation. PLOS ONE, 15(3). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229958
Lazarus, L. (2004). Contrasting prisoner’s rights: A comparative examination of Germany and England. New York: Oxford University Press
Majeed, A., et al. (2020). Protecting the health of doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic. British Journal of General Practice, 70(695), 268-269. doi: 10.3399/bjgp20X709925
Mantalean, V., & Gatra, S. (ed.). (2020). Update 7 November: added 1,118 cases of COVID-19 in Jakarta, 986 the patient recovered. Accessed on September 2, 2021 fromhttps://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2020/11/07/18223191/update-7november- add-1118-cases-of-COVID-19-in-jakarta-986-patientscured?page=all
Mirad, M. F. (2019). The influence of resilience on burnout in hospital nurses in Jakarta. Jakarta: Jakarta State University
Nugroho, W. B. (2012). Youth, suicide and resilience: strengthening resilience as a means of reducing suicide rates among Indonesian youth.Journal of Youth Studies, 1(1),34
Oktaviani, D. (2012). Resilience in Acehnese teenagers who experienced the tsunami disaster. Depok: University of Indonesia
Ozbay, F., et al. (2007). Social support and resilience to stress: From neurobiology to clinical practice. Psychiatry, 4(5), 35-40
Peltzer, K., & Pengpid, S. (2018). High prevalence of depressive symptoms in a national sample of adults in indonesia: childhood adversity, sociodemographic factors and health risk behavior. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 52-59. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.03.017
Rachmawati, B. D., et al. (2019). Psychological resilience and its influence on health-related quality of life in adolescents in orphanages.Analytics June, 11(1). Doi: 10.31289/analitika.v11i1.2314
Schwarzer, R., & Leppin, A. (1991). Social Support and Health: A Theoretical and Empirical Overview. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8(1), 99–127. doi:10.1177/0265407591081005
Setiawati, Y., et al. (2021). Anxiety and resilience of healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 14, 1–8. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S276655
Shaukat, N., et al. (2020). Physical and mental health impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: a scoping review. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 13(40). Doi: 10.1186/s12245-02000299-5
Sippel, L. M., et al. (2015). How does social support enhance resilience in the traumaexposed individual? Ecology and Society, 20(4), 1-10
Sun, N., et al. (2020). A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. American journal of infection control, 48(6), 592–598. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.018
Tan, B. Y. Q., et al. (2020). Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore. Annals of Internal Medicine, 173(4), 317-320. two: 10.7326/M20-1083
Trani, M. D., et al. (2021). From resilience to burnout in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 emergency: The role of the ability to tolerate uncertainty. Frontier in Psychology, 12. two: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646435
Triyono, S. D. K., & Herdiyanto, Y. K. (2017). The concept of health and illness in individuals with urolithiasis (urine stones) in Klungkung district, Bali.Udayana Psychology Journal, 4(2),263-276.
Van Roekel, H., et al. (2021). Healthcare workers who work with COVID-19 patients are more physically exhausted and have more sleep problems. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.625626
Windle, G. (2011). What is resilience? A review and concept analysis. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 1-18. doi: 10.1017/S0959259810000420
World Health Organization. (2017). Depression and other common mental disorder. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization
World Health Organization. (2018). Mental health: strengthening our response. Diakses pada 2 September 2021 dari https://www.who.int/newsroom/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health- strengthening-our-response
Zanke, A. A., et al. (2020). COVID-19: a pandemic declare by world health organization. International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacolog, 5(2), 49-57. doi: 10.18231/j.ijcaap.2020.012
Zautra, A.J., et al. (2010). Resilience: A new definition of health for people and communities. In J.R. Reich, A.J. Zautra, & J.S. Hall (Eds). Handbook of Adult Resilience (pp. 3-30). New York: Guilford
Zhang, M., et al. (2018). Prevalence of psychological distress and the effects of resilience and perceived social support among Chinese college students: Does gender make a difference?. Psychiatry Research, 267, p. 409-413. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.038
Downloads
Published
2024-03-13
How to Cite
Saputra, R., & Roswiyani, R. (2024). The Effect of Resilience on Health with Social Support as a Moderator for Health Workers in Jakarta During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Bulletin of Science Education, 4(1), 178–191. https://doi.org/10.51278/bse.v4i1.1071
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Rendy Saputra, Roswiyani Roswiyani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
