Isnaini Rachmatul Umah and Mukhlis Fathurrohman 2024. The Utilization of Audio Visual Media in Independent Curriculum to Increase Student Learning Motivation in Islamic Cultural History Course. Bulletin of Science Education. 4, 3 (Dec. 2024), 271–278. DOI:https://doi.org/10.51278/bse.v4i3.1590.