Sejarah Dinasti Abbasiyah: Sistim Politik, Sistim Peradilan, dan Manajemen kepemeimpinan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51278/aj.v5i2.681Abstract
This research aims to delve into the historical evolution of a long-standing nation, necessitating an examination of classical historical texts authored by contemporaneous or proximate historians. The author extensively draws upon insights and data from these classic historical sources. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study adopts the four phases of historical research methodology: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The research findings and subsequent discourse center around the Abbasid Dynasty, a prominent era of the Islamic caliphate situated in Baghdad, Iraq, spanning four centuries and encompassing both its zenith and decline after supplanting the Umayyad Dynasty. Notably, the Abbasid dynasty's legacy rests in its swift cultivation of culture, art, and science during its tenure. Conclusively, this research establishes key insights regarding the Abbasid Dynasty's characteristics: firstly, the Bani Abbas's political paradigm asserting their entitlement to the caliphate as descendants of Prophet Muhammad, a pivotal element upholding their dominion for five centuries. Secondly, the administrative structure of Abbasid governors differed from the Umawiyah Dynasty, with regional governors assuming roles primarily as military leaders and spiritual guides. Lastly, the judicial framework of the Abbasid era witnessed the waning of ijtihad's vigor coinciding with the establishment of the four major madhhabs. Consequently, judges were bound to adhere to a specific school of thought while delivering verdicts.
Keywords: History of the Abbasid Dynasty, Political system of Bani Abbas, Governors of the Abbasid Daulah
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